name	Attitude Adjustment
background	group_or_band
origin	Walnut Creek, California
genre	Crossover thrashThrash metalHardcore punk
years active	1985–19922007-active
associated acts	Agnostic FrontDeathD.R.I.HiraxMachine HeadTestamentVio-Lence
website	MySpace page
notable instruments	}}

Attitude Adjustment is a crossover thrash band originally formed in the early 1980s in the San Francisco Bay Area (California, U.S.).

Formation

The band was formed by Chris Kontos, Eric Smith and Rick Strahl in early 1985, with Nick Koljian briefly on vocals. The lineup was changed with the addition of Kevin Reed on vocals. This lineup played a number of initial shows at Ruthies Inn, the New Method, the Mabuhay Gardens and other Bay Area venues. Several months later, Kevin Reed was replaced by Andy Andersen on vocals and Chris Scapparo joined as a second guitarist. They shortly went into the studio to record the "Dead Serious Demo" in 1985. The demo was recorded at Peter Miller Studios and engineered by Eric Kauschen.

Early Tours and Recording

In 1986 and 1987, Attitude Adjustment played frequent gigs throughout California. They played alongside bands like Forbidden (Known as Forbidden Evil at that time), Vio-Lence, Sacrilege, Possessed, Hirax, Death Angel, R.K.L., Dr. Know, Suicidal Tendencies, Corrosion of Conformity, D.R.I., Discharge, UK Subs, Neurosis, The Exploited and Operation Ivy, among others. The band finally released their debut album, ''American Paranoia'' released by Pusmort Records. This album is considered to be a "crossover" between hardcore and thrash metal.

Lineup Changes

At the end of 1987, Andy Andersen, Chris Scaparro and Rick Strahl joined up with former Condemned to Death guitarist Keith Chatham, to form Condemned Attitude, which would later be renamed Attitude.

Attitude released an LP and an EP, taking a more thrash metal-like style, with Andy Andersen returning to his initial style of singing. Rick Strahl and Chris Scaparro became the new guitarists with Eric Brecht on drums during this time.

Chris Kontos, Eric Smith and Kevin Reed continued on with Attitude Adjustment and in 1988, this new lineup released the EP ''No More Mr. Nice Guy'', again on Pusmort Records, which is very different from ''American Paranoia''.

By 1990, former members Andy Anderson, Chris Scaparro, and Rick Strahl formed a new band with a more hard rock direction. The band was called Two Bit Thief and they kept it alive until 1995.

Kontos and Reed returned to the name "Attitude Adjustment" in 1991, but with another new lineup to record their last studio album, ''Out Of Hand'', again mixing hardcore with thrash metal.

In 1993, the ''American Paranoia'' LP and the ''No More Mr. Nice Guy'' EP were re-issued on CD. The LP version includes the "Dead Serious" demo.

Chris Kontos joined Robb Flynn (who left ''Vio-Lence'') in 1993 to form the post thrash band Machine Head.

The band reformed in 2007.

In 2011, the band released a new album "No Way Back" on Taang records.

Current line-up

Chris Kontos (drums)

Kevin Reed (vocals)

Eric McIntire (guitar)

Yapple Ruelas (guitar)

Greg Orr (bass)

Former members

Nick Koljian (vocals - Scoopy's Clownhouse Revenge)

Kevin Reed (vocals - Deathtoll, Deface, Numbskull)

Andy Andersen (vocals - Condemned Attitude, Attitude, Two Bit Thief)

Eric "Bobo" Smith (guitar)

Ray Vegas (bass - Vio-Lence, Social Unrest)

Chris Kontos (drums - Machine Head, Death Angel, Verbal Abuse)

Keith Medeiros (bass)

Keith Chatham (guitar)

Paul Birnbaum (drums)

Eric Brecht (drums - Hirax, Death, D.R.I.)

Tezz Bones (guitar - Discharge, Broken Bones)

Sean Sutton (guitar)

Bands influenced by Attitude Adjustment

Napalm Death recorded "Dope Fiend" off of "American Paranoia" for ''Leaders Not Followers: Part 2''.

Jailcell Recipes recorded "Dead Serious" for their Poulton Road EP.

Thrash band Municipal Waste.

Discography

Dead Serious - Demo 1985

American Paranoia - LP 1986

No More Mr. Nice Guy - EP 1988

Out Of Hand - LP 1991

Compilation

''Rat Music for Rat People, Vol. 3'' (CD Presents, 1987)

External links

K.F.T.H. site

Rick Strahl's Site

Myspace

Category:Thrash metal musical groups from California Category:Crossover thrash groups Category:Musical groups established in 1985 Category:Heavy metal musical groups from California

pt:Attitude Adjustment

Name	Karan Johar
birthname	Karan Dharma Kama Johar
Birth date	May 25, 1972
Birth place	Mumbai, Maharastra, India
Occupation	Actor, Director, Producer, Screenwriter, Costume designer, Television host
Yearsactive	1995–present
Parents	Yash JoharHiroo Johar }}

Karan Johar (born 25 May 1972) is an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter, Costume designer and Television host based in Bollywood. He is the son of Hiroo Johar and Yash Johar. He is also the head of the production company Dharma Productions. He is most known for directing and producing some of Bollywood's highest grossing films in India and abroad. The four films he has directed, all starring Shahrukh Khan, have been India's highest grossing productions in the overseas market. The success of those films resulted in crediting Johar for changing the way Indian cinema has been perceived in the West.

Johar entered the film industry as an actor in Aditya Chopra's ''Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge''. He later made his directorial debut with the highly successful romantic comedy, ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' which won him a Filmfare Award For Best Director and Filmfare Best Screenplay Award. His following directorial efforts were the family drama, ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'' (2001) and the romantic drama, ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' (2006), a movie which dealt with the theme of adultery. Both films were major financial successes in India and abroad. Johar thus established himself as one of the most successful filmmakers in Bollywood. His fourth film, ''My Name Is Khan'' (2010) was met with positive reviews and grossed over 2 billion worldwide. It earned him his second Best Director award at the Filmfare ceremony.

Early life

Karan Johar was born in Mumbai, India to Indian Bollywood film producer Yash Johar, founder of Dharma Productions and Hiroo Johar. He studied at the Greenlawns High School and attended H.R. College of Commerce and Economics, both in Mumbai. He received a Masters degree in French.

As a child, he was influenced by commercial Indian cinema and he cites Raj Kapoor, Yash Chopra and Sooraj R. Barjatya as his inspirations. For a period of time, Johar followed numerology, creating film titles in which the first word and a number of others in the title began with the letter "K." After watching the 2006 film, ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'' which was critical of numerology, Johar decided to stop this practice.

Career

Acting and directing

Johar formally entered the film industry as an actor, portraying Raj's (Shahrukh Khan) close friend in ''Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge'' (1995). He was also assistant director on the film and helped director Aditya Chopra in writing the screenplay. In addition, he selected Shahrukh Khan's costumes, something he continued to do for Shahrukh Khan's other movies like ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997), ''Duplicate'' (1998), ''Mohabbatein'' (2000), ''Main Hoon Na'' and ''Veer-Zaara'' (2004) and ''Om Shanti Om'' (2007).

Johar made his directorial debut at the age of 25 with the cult film ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' in 1998 which he also wrote the story and screenplay for. Johar first wrote a story about a love triangle between a tomboy, a very pretty looking girl and a slightly insensitive boy but he shelved the idea because he was not satisfied with it. Then he wrote an other plot about a widower and his child. which he shelved as well. Eventually he decided to merge the two stories into one. He explained in an interview with Rediff: "It was about the trauma of a widower and his little child. How the child really wants a mother and how she brings her mother into her father's life. Then I thought: Why not bring an youth aspect to the story? Why not a flashback? That's how the story got made." Starring Shahrukh Khan, Kajol and Rani Mukerji, the film was well received by critics and audience alike. It won a National awards, eight Filmfare Awards in 1998 including Best Movie, Best Director and all four Best Actor awards for both leading and supporting roles. It was also the highest grossing Indian movie of the year in India and abroad and was declared an all time blockbuster by Box Office India.

Johar's second directorial effort was the family drama, ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham'', released in 2001. It featured an ensemble star-cast that included Shahrukh Khan, Kajol, Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan, Kareena Kapoor and Hrithik Roshan. It was the fifth film to star Khan and Kajol and their last together in the decade until their next cast, again by Johar, in 2010. Johar stated that he make the film because of his desire to create a saga like Yash Chopra's ''Kabhi Kabhie'' which dealt with parent-child relationships. He also added that "The posters of all those big stars glittering on a banner had entranced me in childhood. I said one day I will make a film with big stars standing together in one frame. I integrated both ideas in ''K3G''." The film was a major financial success and became India's second highest-grossing film of the year and one of the biggest Bollywood success of all time in the overseas market, earning over 1 billion worldwide. Box Office India called it "one of the true Worldwide blockbusters of Hindi cinema". It was also critically well received, winning five Filmfare Awards.

In May 2005, after taking a four-year break from directing, Johar began working on his third film as a director and fourth film as writer; ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'', (''Never Say Goodbye''). With an ensemble cast including Shahrukh Khan, Amitabh Bachchan, Preity Zinta, Abhishek Bachchan, Rani Mukerji and Kirron Kher. The film told the story of two unhappily married couples in New York, which later results in an extramarital affair. On its release in 11 August 2006, the film received generally mixed reviews because it dealt with themes that were considered taboo in the Indian society. Johar, in an interview with CNN-IBN clarified: "When it’s called a film about adultery and infidelity, I’d like to say that it has not been treated frivolously at all. There is a lot of dignity and intensity given to the plot, even though it deals with slightly gray areas of life (...) Though this one treads on gray areas, it never veers towards the black." The film however, opened to strong box office numbers and became the sixth highest grossing film of the year in India and the highest grossing overseas film of all time. It grossed over 1.13 billion worldwide.

Although the content of the film was deemed controversial, Johar's work as director and writer was applauded, Rajeev Masand noted: "Few writers have such solid control over their screenplay as Karan Johar does. Few understand the intricacies of narrative as well as he does. Johar goes from highs to lows, from plateaus to peaks with the ease of a pro. He knows exactly how to turn a seemingly ordinary scene into something special with just that one line of dialogue, or that hint of background music." And Taran Adarsh added: "In a nutshell, ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' bears the unmistakable stamp of a genius -- Karan Johar. The master storyteller only polishes his skills further, proving yet again that he's a forward-thinker and also, a progressive storyteller." The film was shown at the Tokyo International Film Festival and its script was invited to be included in the library of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It was eventually nominated for ten Filmfare awards, including Best Director and Best Film.

In November 2009, Johar ended shooting for his film ''My Name Is Khan'' starring Shahrukh Khan and Kajol Devgan, reuniting them after eight years. The film debuted in Abu Dhabi, UAE, on 10 February 2010. It was also screened as part of the 60th Berlin International Film Festival's official selection the same month. Critics noted that with the film, Johar has broken away from his typical style of film making - lavish sets, filmi songs and dance sequences and designer cloths. The filmmaker himself confirmed that, stating: "in all my 11 years as a filmmaker I’ve never felt the experience to be so different. The content of ''My Name Is Khan'' is diametrically opposite to whatever I’ve done in the past." There were also discussion about its content, which was "serious" and "thinking", not a satirical entertainer like his previous films. Speaking about the film, he said in an interview with Bollywood Hungama:"''MNIK'' is an unusual Bollywood film, if at all, and doesn't have those quintessential pre-requisite elements that any Bollywood film has (...) All I can say is that ''MNIK'' is going to open windows and doors to many people who have stories to tell and are shy to put their story on the celluloid" Upon release, the film was met with overwhelmingly positive reviews and strong box office reports; ''My Name is Khan'' was the highest-grossing Bollywood film overseas at the time, grosseing over 2 billion worldwide. Rajeev Masand, in a positive review, noted: "Johar crafts an engaging, stirring saga that is earnest and noble. With this message movie in the mainstream format, the director takes a step in the right direction." It earned him his second Best Director award at the Filmfare ceremony.

Producer

Dharma Productions, founded by his father, is Johar's production company. He became the main producer of the company after his father's death. In a 2003 interview with ''The Hindu'', he explained his production strategy: "I wanted my production house to walk before running. I need to be streamlined, build my infrastructure. I do want to make all kinds of movies because I have watched all kinds of movies."

Johar wrote and produced the 2003 film, ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' which was directed by Nikhil Advani. A drama set in New York City, starring Shahrukh Khan, Jaya Bachchan, Preity Zinta and Saif Ali Khan. The film was received favorably by critics and became a box office success in India and the highest grossing film in the overseas that year. It has won eight Filmfare awards and two National film awards. His 2005 film, ''Kaal'' was directed by Soham Shah, Johar's assistant director from ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''. He produced two films in 2009, first Ayan Mukerji's coming of age romantic drama ''Wake Up Sid'' and the thriller ''Kurbaan''. He is also responsible for the official Hindi-language remake of ''Stepmom'', called ''We Are Family'' featuring Kajol, Kareena Kapoor and Arjun Rampal in the lead roles which was shot in Mumbai and Sydney, Australia. When Johar first decided to adapt the movie for an Indian audience, he initially intended to buy the rights to the film but eventually opted to co-produce it with Sony Pictures. The same year, he co-produced the Imran Khan and Sonam Kapoor, starter ''I Hate Luv Storys'' with UTV Motion Pictures. The film went on to become a box office hit.

In an interview with ''The Times Of India'', Johar explained that he had the intention of remaking the 1990 thriller ''Agneepath'' which was then produced by his father, because the commercial failure of the film broke his father's heart. The idea of the remake materialized on the sets of his film ''My Name Is Khan'' when Johar asked his assistant director Karan Malhotra to revisit it again. The remake was released in January 2012 to both critical and commercial success. He further produced the 2012 romantic comedy, ''Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu''. Starring both Kareena Kapoor and Imran Khan, the film was met with positive critical reception and moderate box office success. He will also be producing ''Dostana 2''. and ''Yeh Jawani Hai Deewani''.

Television

In 2004, Johar became the host of the celebrity-based chat show, ''Koffee with Karan'', in which he interviewed renowned celebrities from Bollywood and India's glamour world. The first season of the shown which began airing on Star TV and Star World on November 19, 2004. The programme was met with huge success and became the first English entertainment show to score a huge rating in India. The season lasted for twenty five episodes. The show was then put on hold due to Johar's commitment to his directorial project, ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna'' but returned for a second season in February 2007. It was then renewed for a third season which commenced in November 2010 after Johar's fourth film, ''My Name Is Khan'' was released. The show is noted for its fresh and witty appeal, and it is very popular with the younger audiences.

Johar's second television outing was the 2010 show ''Lift Kara De''. The concept of the show was to introduce nineteen of the biggest stars of Bollywood to their biggest fan. The Show choses three fans for a superstar. They will perform a task and who ever gathers more money wins the contests and get the opportunity to meet his idol. The money is then multiplied 500 times by the Show and the star and is used to "lift" a life of a very poor family who is in need. It premiered on January 2010 on Sony TV and ended on May 2010 lasting for 28 episodes.

After the third season of the show concluded, Johar stated in an interview with ''Mid-Day'' that he will be taking a long hiatus from the show, explaining: "I'm done with Koffee and my other extra-curricular activities for now. In case people have forgotten, I'm a filmmaker." He further noted: “We should just leave Koffee With Karan where it is. Instead of doing season four, I’d like the audience to remember me as the host of three unforgettable editions.” However, in Februray 2012, he confirmed his return to hosting a fourth edition of the show after being approached by the channel as it has been flooded with requests for the show to come back. Johar announced that he will start working on the the new season after he finishs directing ''Student Of The Year''. The fourth season will start airing from June and will feature a new format.

Filmography

!Year	!Film	Film director>Director	Film producer>Producer	Screenwriter>Writer	Notes
style="text-align:center;"	''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai''				Won, Filmfare Best Movie Award National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment
style="text-align:center;"	''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''				Won 5 Filmfare awards
style="text-align:center;"	''Kal Ho Naa Ho''				Won 8 Filmfare awards Won 2 National film awards
style="text-align:center;"	''Kaal''				Co-produced with Red Chillies Entertainment
style="text-align:center;"	''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna''
style="text-align:center;"
rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"
''Wake Up Sid''				Won 3 Filmfare awards
rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"	''My Name Is Khan''				Won 3 Filmfare awards
''I Hate Luv Storys''				Co-produced with Ronnie Screwvala's UTV Motion Pictures
				co-produced with Sony Pictures Won 1 Filmfare awards
style="text-align:center;"	''Koochie Koochie Hota Hain''				An animated remake of the 1998 Hindi film, ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai''.
rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"
''Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu''
				''Filming''. Co-produced with Shah Rukh Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment.
''Yeh Jawani Hai Deewani''
''Dostana 2''

;Actor

''Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge'' (1995) – Rocky

''Main Hoon Na'' (2004) – Credits

''Home Delivery: Aapko... Ghar Tak'' (2005) – Himself

''Alag'' (2006) – (himself/voice in the song "Sabse Alag")

''Salaam-e-Ishq'' (2007) – (himself/voice)

''Om Shanti Om'' (2007) – (cameo as himself)

''C Kkompany'' (2008) – (cameo as the Game show host)

''Fashion'' (2008) – (cameo as himself)

''Luck by Chance'' (2009) – (cameo as himself)

Awards

National Film Awards

Won

1999: National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment (Director) - ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai

Filmfare Awards

Won

1999: Best Director - ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai''

1999: Best Screenplay – ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai''

2002: Best Dialogue – ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''

2011: Best Director – ''My Name Is Khan''

Nominated

2002: Best Director – ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham''

2004: Best Movie – ''Kal Ho Na Ho''

2008: Best Director – ''Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna''

2009: Best Movie - ''Dostana''

2010: Best Movie - ''Wake Up Sid''

IIFA Awards

Won

2001: Best Costume Designer – ''Mohabbatein''

2002: Best Dialogue – ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''

2004: Best Story – ''Kal Ho Na Ho''

2011: Best Director - ''My Name Is Khan''

Nominated

2002: Best Director – ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham''

2008: Best Director – ''Kabhi Alvida Na Kehna''

Star Screen Awards

Won

1999: Best Director – ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai''

2004: Best Screenplay – ''Kal Ho Naa Ho''

Nominated

2002: Best Director – ''Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham''

2004: Best Movie – ''Kal Ho Na Ho''

Zee Cine Awards

1999: Best Director – ''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai''

2011: Best Director – ''My Name Is Khan''

2011: Best Story – ''My Name Is Khan''

Honors

In 2007, Johar was chosen as one of 250 ''Global Young Leaders'' by the Geneva-based World Economic Forum 2006. On 30 September 2006, Johar became the first Indian filmmaker to be a jury member in the Miss World competition, in Warsaw, Poland.

References

External links

My Name Is Karan – Karan Johar's Official Blog

Category:1972 births Category:Hindi film actors Category:Hindi-language film directors Category:Indian actors Category:Indian costume designers Category:Indian film actors Category:Indian film directors Category:Indian film producers Category:Indian Hindus Category:Indian television presenters Category:Indian television talk show hosts Category:Living people Category:People from Mumbai Category:Punjabi people Category:Sindhi people Category:Filmfare Awards winners

ar:كاران جوهر ca:Karan Johar de:Karan Johar es:Karan Johar fr:Karan Johar hi:करण जौहर it:Karan Johar jv:Karan Johar ml:കരൺ ജോഹർ ms:Karan Johar pl:Karan Johar ru:Джохар, Каран fi:Karan Johar ta:கரண் ஜோஹர்

Shāhrukh Mīrzā ( ''Šāhrukh Mīrzā'') (August 30, 1377 – March 12, 1447) was the Timurid ruler of the eastern portion of the empire established by the Central Asian warlord Timur (Tamerlane) - the founder of the Timurid dynasty - governing most of Persia and Transoxiana between 1405 and 1447. Shāhrukh was the fourth and youngest son of Timur and child of one of his concubines who was an Tajik women.

After Timur's death in 1405, his empire fell apart with various tribes and warlords competing for dominance. The Black Sheep Turkmen destroyed the western empire in 1410 when they captured Baghdad, but in Persia and Transoxiana Shāhrukh was able to secure effective control from about 1409. His empire controlled the main trade routes between East and West, including the legendary Silk Road, and became immensely wealthy as a result.

The devastation of Persia's main cities led to the cultural centre of the empire shifting to Samarqand in modern Uzbekistan and Herat in modern Afghanistan. Shāhrukh chose to have his capital not in Samarqand, but in Herat. This was to become the political centre of the Timurid empire, and residence of his principal successors, though both cities benefited from the wealth and privilege of Shāhrukh's court, which was a great patron of the arts and sciences.

His wife, Gowhar Shād, funded the construction of two outstanding mosques and theological colleges in Mashhad and Herāt. The Gowhar-Shād-Mosque was finished in 1418. The mixed ethnic origins of the ruling dynasty led to a distinctive character in its cultural outlook, which was a combination of Persian civilization and art, with borrowings from China, and literature written in Persian as well as Chagatay and Arabic.

Foreign relations

During Shah Rukh's rule, relations between the Timurid state and the Ming China of Yongle and his descendants normalized, as compared to the era of Timur and the Hongwu Emperor, who almost started a war (which was averted only due to the death of Timur). Chinese embassies, led by Chen Cheng, visited Samarqand and Herat several times in 1414-1420, while a large embassy sent by Shah Rukh (and immortalized by its diarist, Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh) traveled to China in 1419-1422.

Death and succession

Shāhrukh died during a journey in Ray in Persia and was succeeded by his son, Mohammad Taragae ''Uluğ Bēg'', who had been viceroy of Transoxiana during his father's lifetime.

In total, Shāhrukh had five sons. Ulugh Beg, viceroy of Transoxiana, was the oldest. Ibrahim Sultan, viceroy of Persia, was second oldest but predeceased Shāhrukh. Shāhrukh's artistic third son Bāysonḡor (1397–1433), who never had a vice-royal position, but played an important part in his father's government in Samarqand, also pre-deceased his father, perhaps due to overconsumption of alcohol. His fourth son, Mirza Soyurghatmïsh Khan, was viceroy of India and Ghazni but also died before Shāhrukh, as did his fifth son Mirza Muhammad Yuguy. Thus, only Ulugh Beg, who was an excellent mathematician but an incapable ruler, was left to succeed his father.

Exhumation

Soviet anthropologist Mikhail M. Gerasimov had reconstructed the heads of Timur, his son Shah Rukh and grandson Ulug Beg, with Timurlane being closer to the Mongoloid type, while Shah Rukh, the son of a Tajik woman, had Europoid features. Shah-Rukh indeed was a typical representative of the brachycephalic Europoid, the so-called Ferghana- Pamir type. However, because Timurlane was closer to the mongoloid type, this would make Shah Rukh in reality an genetic hybrid of the Euro-Mongoloid race despite the fact he has little to no mongoloid features.

Footnotes

Category:1377 births Category:1447 deaths Category:People from Herat Category:Monarchs of Persia Category:Timurid monarchs Category:People from Samarkand

ar:شاهرخ التیموري az:Sultan Şahrux ca:Xah Rukh (timúrida) de:Schāh Ruch es:Shah Rokh fa:شاهرخ fr:Shah Rukh ko:샤 루흐 it:Shah Rukh kk:Шахрух mr:शाहरुख (तिमुरी राजवंश) nl:Shahrukh Mirza ja:シャー・ルフ uz:Shohrux Mirzo pl:Szahruch ru:Шахрух sv:Shah Rukh ur:شاہ رخ تیموری vi:Shahrukh Mirza zh:沙哈鲁

name	Mark Coleman
other names	The Hammer
birth date	December 20, 1964
birth place	Fremont, Ohio, United States
nationality	American
height
weight lb	205
weight class	Light Heavyweight ''(2009 – present)'' Heavyweight ''(1996 – 2006)''
reach in	75
style	Freestyle Wrestling
fighting out of	Columbus, Ohio
team	Team Hammer House
rank	''NCAA Division I Wrestling'' ''Olympian Freestyle Wrestling''
years active	1996 – present (MMA)
mma kowin	4
mma subwin	8
mma decwin	4
mma koloss	3
mma subloss	5
mma decloss	2
university	Ohio State University Miami University
sherdog	136
updated	}}

}}

Mark Coleman (born December 20, 1964) is an American mixed martial artist, professional wrestler, former NCAA collegiate wrestler and former Olympic amateur wrestler. In MMA, he was the UFC 10 and UFC 11 tournament champion, the first Ultimate Fighting Championship heavyweight champion, and the Pride Fighting Championships 2000 Open Weight Grand Prix champion. At UFC 82 Coleman was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame. His most notable victories came against Mauricio 'Shogun' Rua, Igor Vovchanchyn, Don Frye (2x) and Dan Severn.

Coleman is credited with proving the ability of wrestlers to dominate in the developing sport of mixed martial arts, and with being one of the first in American MMA to successfully use the strategy that came to be known as ''ground-and-pound'', earning him the distinction as "The Godfather of Ground & Pound".

Background

Coleman was born in Fremont, Ohio, U.S. in 1964. He began freestyle wrestling as a teenager, and wrestled for Miami University, in Ohio, where he was a two time Mid-American Conference wrestling champion. In his senior year, he transferred to Ohio State University and won an NCAA championship. Out of college, he was awarded a spot on the US Wrestling team, placing second (100 kg) at the 1991 FILA Wrestling World Championships in Varna, Bulgaria, and placing seventh overall in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.

Mixed martial arts career

Ultimate Fighting Championship

Following his amateur career, Coleman made the transition to the then-new sport of mixed martial arts, winning his first two tournaments in dominating fashion, including a win over UFC 8 champion Don Frye at ''UFC 10'' in 1996, and becoming the first UFC Heavyweight Champion after submitting UFC Superfight Champion Dan Severn via a complex submission lock known as the neck crank at UFC 12.

Coleman made his first UFC Heavyweight Championship title defense at UFC 14, facing kickboxer (and heavy underdog) Maurice Smith. In what turned out to be a long battle, Coleman lost a decision after 21:00 (regulation plus two overtimes). This was considered to be one of the largest upsets in UFC history at that time, largely because of the way Coleman had dominated his opponents in his previous fights.

Coleman took nearly a year off after having to get ACL surgery and returned at UFC 17. Coleman was originally scheduled to face Randy Couture in a title match for the UFC Heavyweight Championship, but Couture was injured during training and was forced to pull out of the fight. Coleman instead faced a relatively unknown (at that time) last minute replacement fighter, up and coming Lion's Den product Pete Williams. In what turned out to be another long and strenuous battle, Coleman appeared to be completely exhausted after 10 minutes; he was fatigued to the point of resting his hands on his knees during the fight. In what is still considered to be one of the largest upsets in UFC history, Williams took advantage of Coleman's fatigue and landed a heavy kick to the face, knocking 'The Hammer' out for the first time in his career.

After his shocking loss to Pete Williams, Coleman went to train with former UFC champion Ken Shamrock and his Lion's Den training camp for his upcoming bout with feared Brazilian striker Pedro Rizzo at UFC 18. The fight with Rizzo was part of the "Road to the Heavyweight Title", which was a four man tournament between Coleman, Rizzo, Bas Rutten and Tsuyoshi Kosaka that would crown the next UFC Heavyweight Champion. After 15:00 the fight went to the judges, and they gave a split decision win to Rizzo. This bout was a source of controversy to many, including Coleman himself, who felt that he was robbed of the decision win. In a recent interview, Coleman said he still feels the effects of the controversial decision loss to Rizzo.

Pride Fighting Championships

From 1999 through 2006, The Hammer continued his career with Japanese promotion, Pride Fighting Championships while also making appearances with the professional wrestling promotion HUSTLE.

At Pride 5, Coleman fought Nobuhiko Takada, HUSTLE's owner and booker. Though thought to be the much better fighter, Coleman was caught by a heel hook from Takada and submitted. The validity of this fight has been questioned by many fans. In response to questions about the fight's legitimacy, Coleman said, "It was what it was. I needed to support my family. They guaranteed me another fight after that and I needed that security. It was what it was. I'm going to leave it at that."

Coleman won the Pride 2000 Open Weight Grand Prix tournament defeating Masaaki Satake, Akira Shoji, Kazuyuki Fujita, and Igor Vovchanchyn. The Hammer's training and 2000 tournament victory are depicted in the documentary The Smashing Machine: The Life and Times of Extreme Fighter Mark Kerr.

After a quick TKO victory over Allan Goes at Pride 13, Coleman faced possibly his toughest challenge ever in Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira at Pride 16. "Minotauro" was able to catch the Hammer in a triangle/armbar at 6:10 of the first round, breaking Coleman's six fight winning streak.

Coleman would take nearly two years off following the fight with Nogueira, spending time with his wife and children, and focusing on developing his martial arts training facility and stable of fighters at Team Hammer House. Training such fighters as Kevin Randleman, Wes Sims, Brandon Lee Hinkle and Phil Baroni, Team Hammer House quickly gained a reputation of turning out world class fighters.

Mark Coleman returned to MMA competition at Pride 26 to face Don Frye in a rematch of their meeting at UFC 10; this proved to be a much tougher battle. Coming back from a career threatening neck injury, Coleman ultimately won a unanimous decision victory after 20 minutes. Following the fight, Coleman apologised to the fans for the lack of action during the fight, in which he had spent the majority of the time in taking down and maintaining positional dominace of Frye with his superior wrestling ability.

Between training fighters and spending time with his family, the Hammer was now fighting roughly once a year. He returned to competition to take place in the Pride 2004 Heavyweight Grand Prix, as the returning Grand Prix champion in the Open Weight Division. His first round match at Pride Total Elimination 2004 was against Pride heavyweight champion Fedor Emelianenko. In what turned out to be a short bout, Coleman was submitted by armbar at 2:11 of the first round, eliminating him from the tournament.

Coleman returned to the Pride ring in February 2005, this time facing Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipović at ''Pride 29: Fists of Fire''. Suffering the second knockout of his career, the Hammer fell to strikes by "Cro Cop" in the first round. In November 2005, Mark Coleman appeared in ''Bushido Europe-Rotterdam Rumble'', Europe's first Bushido event, and choked out Milco Voorn at 0:56 of the first round.

The Hammer returned to action at Pride 31 with a victory over Chute Boxe team member Mauricio "Shogun" Rua after the fight was stopped when Shogun suffered a dislocated elbow during a Coleman takedown. With Team Hammer House member Phil Baroni in his corner, Coleman began the match by taking Shogun to the ground. At 0:49 of the first round, Rua got up and as he took the first step Coleman grabbed his feet. Rua fell awkwardly and broke his arm. Coleman continued to fight, peppering Rua with strikes before the referee stopped the fight but not before the Coleman threw the referee aside and began to shout at Murilo Rua, Mauricio's brother, who entered the ring following the injury. With the referee still holding the Coleman, Chute Boxe members come charging to the ring to protect their teammate. In the flash of an eye, amongst the hordes of managers, trainers, Pride officials, judges, referees and security people all in the ring trying to separate everyone, Wanderlei Silva charged into the ring and went after Coleman. Then in the next instant, Colemans training partner Phil Baroni went after Silva.

Backstage in his post-fight interview, Coleman stated that the whole melee happened in the heat of the moment and that he did not blame the Chute Boxe team for coming in and backing their fighter. He then added that similar to Chute Boxe, Hammer House is also like a family, and thanked Baroni for coming in and watching his back. An outraged Chute Boxe refused to accept Coleman's backstage apology. The Chute Boxe team was assigned a yellow card for instigating this infraction.

On October 21, 2006, Mark Coleman again faced Pride heavyweight champion Fedor Emelianenko at Pride's first American show, Pride 32: The Real Deal, and lost via submission (armbar) at 1:17 of round two.

Mark Coleman appeared with teammate, Kevin Randleman, on the US pay-per-view broadcast of the final Pride event, ''Pride 34: Kamikaze'', stating that he intended to keep fighting.

Return to UFC (2008–2010)

At UFC 82, Mark Coleman was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame, making him the 5th inductee. Coleman announced that he was not retiring and would return to the octagon to fight Brock Lesnar on August 9 in Minneapolis at UFC 87. However, Coleman injured his knee while training, and was forced to pull out of the event. Heath Herring replaced Coleman for the fight.

At UFC 109, Coleman faced fellow UFC Hall of Famer Randy Couture, after originally being scheduled to meet at UFC 17 in 1998 twelve years prior, in which an injury forced Couture to drop out of the fight. Coleman went on record, multiple times during the build-up for the fight, in which he claimed this was his dream bout. After being outboxed on the feet, Coleman was taken down and defeated shortly after by (Rear Naked Choke) at 1:09 in round 2. The bout marked the first time two UFC Hall of Fame inductees had fought.

Following Coleman's loss to Couture in the main event of UFC 109, his sixth loss in his last 10 fights, he was released by the promotion.

Personal life

Coleman has two daughters.

He appeared in the documentary ''The Smashing Machine: The Life and Times of Mark Kerr'' alongside fellow fighter and former friend Mark Kerr.

In June 2006, it was announced that Coleman was one of the new coaches in the International Fight League, but unable to assemble a team, he was replaced by Ken Shamrock.

Mixed martial arts record

|- | Loss |align=center| 16–10 | Randy Couture | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC 109 | |align=center| 2 |align=center| 1:09 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 16–9 | Stephan Bonnar | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 100 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Loss |align=center| 15–9 | Maurício Rua | TKO (punches) | UFC 93 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 4:36 | Dublin, Ireland | Won Fight of the Night; Light Heavyweight debut. |- | Loss |align=center| 15–8 | Fedor Emelianenko | Submission (armbar) | Pride 32 | |align=center| 2 |align=center| 1:15 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 15–7 | Mauricio Rua | TKO (broken arm) | Pride 31 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:49 | Saitama, Saitama, Japan | |- | Win |align=center| 14–7 | Milco Voorn | Submission (arm-triangle choke) | Bushido Europe: Rotterdam Rumble | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:56 | Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands | |- | Loss |align=center| 13–7 | Mirko Filipović | KO (punches) | Pride 29 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 3:40 | Saitama, Saitama, Japan | |- | Loss |align=center| 13–6 | Fedor Emelianenko | Submission (armbar) | Pride Total Elimination 2004 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 2:11 | Saitama, Saitama, Japan | Pride FC 2004 Heavyweight Grand Prix Opening Round |- | Win |align=center| 13–5 | Don Frye | Decision (unanimous) | Pride 26 | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 5:00 | Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan | |- | Loss |align=center| 12–5 | Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira | Submission (triangle armbar) | Pride 16 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 6:10 | Osaka, Osaka, Japan | |- | Win |align=center| 12–4 | Allan Goes | TKO (knees) | Pride 13 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 1:19 | Saitama, Saitama, Japan | |- | Win |align=center| 11–4 | Igor Vovchanchyn | Submission (knees) | Pride Grand Prix 2000 Finals | |align=center| 2 |align=center| 3:09 | Tokyo, Japan | Won Pride FC 2000 Openweight Grand Prix |- | Win |align=center| 10–4 | Kazuyuki Fujita | TKO (corner stoppage) | Pride Grand Prix 2000 Finals | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:02 | Tokyo, Japan | Pride FC 2000 Openweight Grand Prix semifinal |- | Win |align=center| 9–4 | Akira Shoji | Decision (unanimous) | Pride Grand Prix 2000 Finals | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 15:00 | Tokyo, Japan | Pride FC 2000 Openweight Grand Prix quarterfinal |- | Win |align=center| 8–4 | Masaaki Satake | Submission (neck crank) | Pride Grand Prix 2000 Opening Round | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 1:14 | Tokyo, Japan | Pride FC 2000 Openweight Grand Prix Opening Round |- | Win |align=center| 7–4 | Ricardo Morais | Decision (unanimous) | Pride 8 | |align=center| 2 |align=center| 10:00 | Tokyo, Japan | |- | Loss |align=center| 6–4 | Nobuhiko Takada | Submission (heel hook) | Pride 5 | |align=center| 2 |align=center| 1:44 | Nagoya, Aichi, Japan | |- | Loss |align=center| 6–3 | Pedro Rizzo | Decision (split) | UFC 18 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 15:00 | New Orleans, Louisiana, United States | |- | Loss |align=center| 6–2 | Pete Williams | KO (head kick) | UFC 17 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 12:38 | Mobile, Alabama, United States | |- | Loss |align=center| 6–1 | Maurice Smith | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 14 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 21:00 | Birmingham, Alabama, United States | Lost UFC Heavyweight Championship. Fight of the Year (1997). |- | Win |align=center| 6–0 | Dan Severn | Submission (choke) | UFC 12 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 2:57 | Dothan, Alabama, United States | Won inaugural UFC Heavyweight Championship unified with UFC Superfight Championship |- | Win |align=center| 5–0 | Brian Johnston | Submission (strikes) | UFC 11 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 2:20 | Augusta, Georgia, United States | Won UFC 11 Tournament |- | Win |align=center| 4–0 | Julian Sanchez | Submission (choke) | UFC 11 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:45 | Augusta, Georgia, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 3–0 | Don Frye | TKO (punches) | UFC 10 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 11:34 | Birmingham, Alabama, United States | Won UFC 10 Tournament |- | Win |align=center| 2–0 | Gary Goodridge | Submission (exhaustion) | UFC 10 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 7:00 | Birmingham, Alabama, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 1–0 | Moti Horenstein | Submission (punches) | UFC 10 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 2:43 | Birmingham, Alabama, United States |

Championships and accomplishments

Amateur wrestling

1986 NCAA Division I Championships: (190lbs 4th Place)

1988 NCAA Big Ten Championships: (190lbs 1st Place)

1988 NCAA Division I Championships: (190lbs 1st Place)

1990 Pan American Championships Freestyle Wrestling: (90kg 1st Place)

1991 Pan American Championships Freestyle Wrestling: (100kg 1st Place)

1991 Pan American Games Freestyle Wrestling: (100kg 1st Place)

1991 U.S.A. National Freestyle Wrestling Championships: (100kg 1st Place)

1991 FILA World Freestyle Wrestling Championships: (100kg 2nd Place)

1992 Pan American Championships Freestyle Wrestling: (100kg 1st place)

1992 Summer Olympics Freestyle Wrestling: (100kg 7th Place)

Mixed martial arts

PRIDE Fighting Championships

Pride 2000 Grand Prix Openweight Tournament Winner

Ultimate Fighting Championship

UFC 10 Tournament Champion

UFC 11 Tournament Champion

UFC Heavyweight Championship (1 Time, First)

UFC Hall of Fame

UFC Viewer's Choice Award

Wrestling Observer Newsletter Fight of the Year (1997) vs. Maurice Smith on July 27

References

External links

UFC.com Hall of Fame Profile

Olympic profile at sports-reference.com

Mark Coleman at wrestlinghalloffame.org

IMDB entry for Smashing Machine

Category:1964 births Category:American mixed martial artists Category:Mixed martial artists from Ohio Category:Light heavyweight mixed martial artists Category:Heavyweight mixed martial artists Category:American sport wrestlers Category:Living people Category:Ultimate Fighting Championship champions Category:People from Fremont, Ohio Category:Miami University alumni Category:Wrestlers at the 1992 Summer Olympics

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